Yes. This can be done. You would need to copy it to a destination that you have permission to write to and make sure it is in your PATH and the proper permissions assigned to it.
This being said it is not recommended. In most cases it is easier to just install a binary with the traditional methods so it will be installed with dependencies and or in the correct PATH with correct permissions etc.
I just tried this on two macs. I moved cron from /usr/sbin to another mac on the desktop. It will not allow moving it to /usr/sbin on the other mac because macOS wont allow it. While technically I can execute this program, it is just not in the correct PATH. There were no security alerts or quarantine issues.
Terminal command:
scp /path/to/source/binary user@destination-mac:/Users/user/Desktop/
On destination mac:
sudo chmod +x binary
